PHP 对象动态传参数(反射) / Laravel Cast 的相关使用用例

## 序言

主要在用到 Laravel Cast，所以有了这个想法，暂时记录下用法，后面再慢慢解释（如果有空 哈哈哈哈）

## 代码

`MailSendLogComment.php`
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Casts\Manage;

class MailSendLogComment
{
    public function __construct(public string $test)
    {
    }

public function toArray(): array
    {
        return [
            'test' => $this->test
        ];
    }
}

```

`MailSendLogCommentCast.php`:
```php
<?php

namespace App\Casts\Manage;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
use JetBrains\PhpStorm\Pure;
use ReflectionClass;

class MailSendLogCommentCast implements CastsAttributes
{
    /**
     * Cast the given value.
     *
     * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model $model
     * @param string                              $key
     * @param mixed                               $value
     * @param array                               $attributes
     *
     * @return mixed|object
     * @throws \ReflectionException
     */
    #[Pure]
    public function get($model, $key, $value, array $attributes)
    {
        if ($key !== 'comment') {
			// 看这里，用到了反射
            return (new ReflectionClass(MailSendLogComment::class))->newInstanceArgs(json_decode($value, true));
        }

return $value;
    }

/**
     * Prepare the given value for storage.
     *
     * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model $model
     * @param string                              $key
     * @param mixed                               $value
     * @param array                               $attributes
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function set($model, $key, $value, array $attributes): array
    {
        if ($key === 'comments') {
            // 如果给的值不是 MailSendLogComment 对象就报错
            if ($value instanceof MailSendLogComment) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('The given value is not an ' . MailSendLogComment::class . ' instance.');
            }
            $attributes['comments'] = json_encode($value->toArray(), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
        }

return $attributes;
    }
}

```

`MailSendLog.php`
```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use App\Casts\Manage\MailSendLogCommentCast;
use App\Enums\Manage\MailSendLogTypeEnum;
use Dcat\Admin\Traits\HasDateTimeFormatter;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

/**
 * 邮件发送日志表
 * \App\Models\MailSendLog
 *
 * @property int                             $id
 * @property string                          $from_email 发送人邮箱
 * @property string                          $from_name  发送人名字
 * @property string                          $to_email   接收人邮箱
 * @property string                          $to_name    接收人名字
 * @property string                          $title      邮件标题
 * @property string                          $content    邮件内容
 * @property string                          $bid        顾名思义
 * @property MailSendLogCommentCast          $comments   备注，用以存放其他内容
 * @property int                             $status     0: 未发送 1: 发送成功 2: 发送失败
 * @property MailSendLogTypeEnum             $type       0: 未知发送类型，其它根据 MailSendLogTypeEnum.php 文件判断
 * @property string                          $exception  失败原因
 * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $created_at
 * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $updated_at
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog newModelQuery()
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog newQuery()
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog query()
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereBid($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereComments($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereContent($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereCreatedAt($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereException($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereFromEmail($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereFromName($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereId($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereStatus($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereTitle($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereToEmail($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereToName($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereType($value)
 * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|MailSendLog whereUpdatedAt($value)
 * @mixin \Eloquent
 */
class MailSendLog extends Model
{
    use HasDateTimeFormatter;

protected $table = 'mail_send_logs';
    protected $casts = [
        'comments' => MailSendLogCommentCast::class,
        'type' => MailSendLogTypeEnum::class// 限定必须使用此枚举类型
    ];
}

```

## 用法
```php
// 查询数据
use App\Models\MailSendLog;

dump(MailSendLog::first()->comments);// 返回的是 \App\Casts\Manage\MailSendLogComment 对象

dump(MailSendLog::first()->comments->test);// 返回的是 \App\Casts\Manage\MailSendLogComment 对象 test 属性的值

// 新增数据
$M = new MailSendLog();
$M->title = '邮件标题';
$M->content = '<h1>邮件内容</h1>';
$M->comments = new MailSendLogComment('邮件备注'); //必须传入这个类型，否则将会报错
$M->exception = '错误日志';
$M->save();// 保存
```

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